Research at IBL

The Institute for Business Organisation and Logistics (IBL) has been actively involved in the ‘Industry 4.0’ research area at Ulm University of Technology (THU) for many years. The focus is on practical, application-oriented projects relating to the digital transformation of industrial processes.

Past and current activities include, among others, the projects “Industry 4.0 from a Suitcase” and “ZAFH Intralogistics”, the collaborative doctoral programme “Cognitive Computing in Socio-Technical Systems”, and the current project “LCA4All”

In addition, the institute participates in internal research initiatives and student projects that are closely linked to the fields of Industry 4.0, digitalisation and intelligent systems.

Research activities

  1. Development of a learning factory:

    The institute is currently developing its logistics laboratory into a learning factory. The existing systems are being networked at the material flow and information technology levels as part of this process. The central IT technology here is OPC UA, while the control concept is based on skill- and service-based automation. The central aim of the learning factory is to offer students a learning environment that makes it possible to experience, control and shape the dynamics, flexibility and changeability of today's production systems in practice.
    The development of the learning factory is part of the THU-wide THUProf4.0 project, which is funded by the BMBF's FH-Personal program and includes a professorship and scientific staff.

    Project management: Prof. Dr. Sven Völker

  2. Construction of an Industry 4.0 demonstrator:

    In this joint project with the Institute of Production Engineering and Materials Testing, Department of Automation Technology, an Industry 4.0 demonstration system is being created.The physical production and logistics processes are realized with fischertechnik components, which are mounted on two of three tables of the modular overall system on the top level.
    Important elements here are processing stations, conveyor belts, gantry cranes and a high-bay warehouse. The components are controlled by real PLCs and communication components whose software is being developed in the project and implements findings from research into skill- and service-oriented production control. An operator workstation on the third module rounds off the package.
    The project has so far been supported by more than 10 student projects and theses. The demonstrator is one of the use cases of a doctoral thesis on service- and skill-based production control at the institute (doctoral student: Mr. A. Lober).

    Project management: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartwig Baumgärtel
    Cooperation partner: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lisa Ollinger (THU, Institute IFW)

  3. Life Cycle Assessment of value chains for small and medium-sized enterprises (LCA4All):

    The research project will run from October 2024 to March 2026. It is a transfer project in cooperation between Ulm University of Applied Sciences and the company Valantic Supply Chain Excellence GmbH.

    The project is funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research and is part of the DATI initiative. The DATIpilot funding guideline promotes the transfer of knowledge from research to application, generates new solutions for social challenges and gains important insights for the promotion of innovation and transfer and the development of DATI.In this research project, which is publicly funded by the BMBF in the DATIpilot program, a process model and a system platform for lifecycle assessment for SMEs are being developed.

    We want to provide SMEs with assistance, because ...
    The law on corporate due diligence in supply chains is accompanied by a reporting obligation (ESG reporting). This was previously only mandatory for large companies, but from the 2025 balance sheet, companies with more than 250 employees will also have to provide evidence of where they stand and how they intend to develop: They must add disclosures on environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors to their annual reports. But it's not just their size that requires them to provide information; many SMEs are suppliers and are already confronted with the requirements from the supply chain - and they find it difficult. Life cycle assessments are complex to prepare, and DIN 14040 describes the procedure. And this is where we want to help with this website.

    Our mission...
    The aim of the "LCA4All" project is to enable small and medium-sized manufacturing companies (SMEs) to determine the environmental footprint of their products within extensive supply chains and to identify reduction potential. The core idea of the LCA4All project is to transfer the state of research on lifecycle assessment (LCA) into practice and to develop innovative LCA software for the needs-based implementation of LCA in SME supply chains and to test it in companies. In addition, a guideline for the pragmatic implementation of the LCA will be developed and validated in companies as transfer partners.

    Further information on the LCA4All project

    Project management: Prof. Dr. Sebastian Geier
    To the project website www.lca4all.de

  4. Development of a learning environment for independent, guided learning of data science methods (machine learning) using the KNIME software with a consistent corporate context:

    This project is based on a fictitious company, "Lichtgestalten GmbH", which trades in lighting systems and also manufactures components for them itself. In the context of this company, numerous different tasks were identified for which machine learning methods offer good solutions. The data required for this is based in part on anonymized data from a real company whose industry and identity have been made unrecognizable.
    A series of 11 guided exercises on methods such as ABC-XYZ analysis, classification with decision trees, linear and polynomial regression and clustering from application areas such as sales (customer analysis), production (predictive maintenance, quality control) and distribution (design of a distribution network) were created by "Lichtgestalten GmbH", which were then used with the no-code analytics platform KNIME can be solved. There are instructions and descriptions in varying degrees of detail for each task. A learning path was defined for the overall process. A large number of the tasks were validated through use in a course by evaluating learning diaries. KNIME has been supporting the project continuously since 2022.

    Project management: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hartwig Baumgärtel

  5. Development of digital twins of laboratory systems and concepts for virtual commissioning:

    Based on methods and tools for simulation, emulation, service-oriented communication, etc., digital twins of laboratory systems such as the AKL, the electric monorail system and the Industry 4.0 demonstrator are created and networked with their physical twins.

    Project management: Prof. Dr. Sven Völker

Publications

  • Weber, Jakob; Baumgärtel, Hartwig; Völker, Sven. "A flexible Learning Factory based on Production Control by Collaborative Digital Twins". 16th Conference on Learning Factories, Bolzano, Italy, May 2026, to appear
  • Verkhov, Alexander; Lober, Andreas; Baumgärtel, Hartwig and Ollinger, Lisa. "Semantic Integration of FMEA Knowledge into Manufacturing Control: A Runtime Exception Handling Framework", 25th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS 2025), Incheon, Korea, November 2025.
  • Lober, Andreas; Verkhov, Alexander; Baumgärtel, Hartwig and Ollinger, Lisa. "A modular knowledge base concept for dynamic control logic design for adaptive manufacturing", 2025 IEEE 30th International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), Porto, 2025, DOI:10.1109/ETFA65518.2025.11205704
  • Lober, Andreas; Weber, Jakob; Baumgärtel, Hartwig and Ollinger, Lisa. "Skill Orchestration Agent: A Knowledge-Driven Orchestration Framework for Adaptive Manufacturing Control", 2025 IEEE 21st International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE), Los Angeles, CA, USA, 2025, pp. 2921-2928, doi: 10.1109/CASE58245.2025.11163862
  • Lober, Andreas; Lehmann, Joel; Weber, Jakob; Reichwald, Julian; Ollinger, Lisa; Völker, Sven; Baumgärtel, Hartwig. Agent-based redesign and reinterpretation of OPC UA design strategies for flexible capability-based production. at - Automatisierungstechnik 72(3):233-258, 2024
  • Baumgärtel, Hartwig; Lober, Andreas; Ollinger, Lisa; Völker, Sven. Digital Twin-supported Warehouse 5.0 - A practical path towards smart warehousing. In: Glock, Christoph; Grosse, Eric. Warehousing 5.0: Managing the transition from techno-focused to human-value-centric intralogistics. ISBN: 979-8873704354. Independent. 2024
  • Lehmann, Joel; Lober, Andreas; Häußermann, Tim; Rache, Alessa; Baumgärtel, Hartwig; Reichwald, Julian. Domain-agnostic Intelligent Digital Twins: Merging of Application-near Knowledge Representations with the Proactive Internet of Digital Twins (IoDT). Lecture Notes in Informatics (LNI) - Proceedings, Volume P-337 (NFORMATIK 2023 - Designing Futures: Zukünfte gestalten), pp. 1725-1738. Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V., Berlin, 2023
  • Lober, Andreas; Lehmann, Joel; Reichwald, Julian; Ollinger, Lisa; Baumgärtel, Hartwig. Flexible Skill-based Production Systems through novel OPC UA Design Approaches. IFAC-PapersOnLine Vol. 56 Issue 2, pp. 3654-3659, Elsevier, 2023
  • Lehmann, Joel; Lober, Andreas; Häußermann, Tim; Rache, Alessa; Ollinger, Lisa; Baumgärtel, Hartwig and Reichwald, Julian. The Anatomy of the Internet of Digital Twins: A Symbiosis of Agent and Digital Twin Paradigms Enhancing Resilience (not only) in Manufacturing Environments. In: Grieves, M; Vickers, J.: MDPI Machines, Special Issue on Advances in Digital Twins for Manufacturing, ISSN 2075-1702, 2023
  • Lober, Andreas; Ollinger, Lisa; Völker, Sven; Baumgärtel, Hartwig. Towards Logistics 4.0: A Skill-based OPC UA Communication between WMS and the PLC of an Automated Storage and Retrieval System. International Conf. on Industrial Logistics, Zagreb, 2023
  • Baumgärtel, Hartwig; Lober, Andreas; Som, Johannes; Völker, Sven; Ollinger, Lisa. Design of a WMS with OPC UA-based Control of an Automated Rack Storage as Study Project in Computer Science and Proof-of-Concept for Skill-Based Engineering. IALF 13th Conference on Learning Factories. Reutlingen, May 2023
  • Lober, Andreas; Lehmann, Joel; Häußermann, Tim; Reichwald, Julian; Baumgärtel, Hartwig: Improving the Engineering Process of Control Systems Based on Digital Twin Specifications. The 4th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Trends in Electrical, Electronic and Communications Engineering (IEEE ELECOM), November 2022
  • Lehmann, Joel; Lober, Andreas; Rache, Alessa; Baumgärtel, Hartwig and Reichwald, Julian. Collaboration of Semantically Enriched Digital Twins based on a Marketplace Approach. In Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Wireless Networks and Mobile Systems - WINSYS, ISBN 978-989-758-592-0
  • Baumgärtel, Hartwig; Bischof, Daniel: "Integrated Production Lot Scheduling and Transportation Planning for Vendor-Managed Inventory in Industrial B2B Supply Relationships with Customer-specific Production"; International Conference on Operations Research OR2021, Bern, August/September 2021
  • Baumgärtel, Hartwig; Moder, Patrick; Ramzy, Nour; Ehm, Hans: "Service-based Semiconductor Manufacturing using the Digital Reference Ontology for Global Service Discovery", IECON 2020 - 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Singapore (online), October 2020, pp. 4533-4540, ISBN 978-1-7281-5414-5 , IEEE, 2020, link
  • Lober, Andreas; Baumgärtel, Hartwig: "Semantic service discovery in heterogeneous cyber-physical systems", Proceedings of the Hamburg International Conference of Logistics (HICL), Hamburg (online), October 2020
  • Sipsas, Konstantinos; Zalonis, Andreas; Broechler, Raimund; Baumgärtel, Hartwig; Ehm, Hans: "A platform application for exploiting the Digital Reference Ontology", IEEE Conference on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS), Tampere (online), June 2020, pp. 557-562, ISBN 978-1-7281-6389-5, IEEE, 2020, link
  • Baumgärtel, H., R. Verbeet: "Service and Agent based System Architectures for Industrie 4.0", IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS) 2020, Workshop on Management for Industry 4.0; Budapest (online), May 2020, ISBN 978-1-7281-4973-8, link
  • Verbeet, R., H. Baumgärtel: "Implementierung von autonomen Industrie 4.0-Systemen mit BDI-Agenten", in Bauernhansl, T., M. ten Hompel, B. Vogel-Heuser: "Handbuch der Industrie 4.0", 3rd edition, Springer, 2020, link
  • Baumgärtel, H., R. Verbeet: "Service- und Agenten-basierte Ansätze für Industrie 4.0-Systeme"; in Bauernhansl, T., M. ten Hompel, B. Vogel-Heuser: "Handbuch der Industrie 4.0", 3rd edition, Springer, 2020, link
  • Moder, P., H. Ehm, H. Baumgärtel, N. Ramzy: "Semantic Web - Befähiger der Industrie 4.0", in Bauernhansl, T., M. ten Hompel, B. Vogel-Heuser: "Handbuch der Industrie 4.0", 3rd edition, Springer, 2020, link
  • Fay, A., F. Gelhoff, M. Seitz, B. Vogel-Heuser, H. Baumgärtel, C. Diedrich, A. Lüder, T. Schöler, G. Sutschet, R. Verbeet: "Agenten zur Realisierung von Industrie 4.0", VDI-Statusbericht des VDI/VDE Gesellschaft für Mess- und Automatisierungstechnik Fachausschuss 5.15; VDI; 2019; link
  • Baumgärtel, H.: "Importance of the three pillars DP, SCN, and PLM and their combination", Productive4.0 Project Consortium, 2nd review, June 2019
  • Baumgärtel, H., H. Ehm, S. Laaouane, J. Gerhardt, A. Kasprzik: "Collaboration in Supply Chains for Development of CPS enabled by Semantic Web Technologies", 14th International Conference on Modeling and Analysis of Semiconductor Manufacturing (MASM) at Winter Simulation Conference 2018, Gothenburg, December 2018, pp. 3627-3638, ISBN 978-1-5386-6572-5 , IEEE, 2018
  • Baumgärtel, Hartwig: "How can Technologies of the Semantic Web be utilized for inter-organizational Communication and Cooperation in Supply Chain Networks and which steps has to be taken therefore?", Workshop of the ZVEI working group on SCM, December 7th, 2017, Frankfurt/M, link
  • Baumgärtel, H., Kunze, O., Rosemeier, S., Neitmann,A.. Dynamic Truck Meeting - a blueprint for coordination of different autonomous IT systems in a dynamic, complex and stochastic environment . In 6th International Symposium on Logistics (ISSL), Hamburg, June 2012
  • Kunze, O.; Baumgärtel, H.; Neitmann, A.; Rosemeier, S.. Dynamic Truck Meeting (DTM) - A process and interface standard for the realization of dynamic meeting traffic with the help of dispatching and telematics systems. Volume I - Process Standard, Edition KIT Scientific Report 7613 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, March 2012. ISBN 978-3-86644-850-6
  • Baumgärtel, H.; Kunze, O.; Rosemeier, S.; Neitmann, A.. Dynamic Truck Meeting (DTM) - A process and interface standard for the realization of dynamic meeting traffic with the help of dispatching and telematics systems. Volume II - Interface Standard, Edition KIT Scientific Report 7614 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, March 2012. ISBN 978-3-86644-851-3